22/01/21 | Beware the bossy state

대부분의 민주주의에서 정부의 개입 유혹은 당파를 초월해서 나타나고 있으며, <개방된 국경과 자유 시장>을 내걸로 선거를 치루는 정치인은 드문 경우가 되었음
Crucially, in most democracies, the lure of intervention is bipartisan. Few politicians fancy fighting an election on a platform of open borders and free markets.

많은 시민들이 현 상황은 시장과 감독기관이 스스로 감당할 수 있는 수준을 넘어 섰다고 인식하게 됨
many citizens fear that markets and their umpires are not up to the job.

정부들은 인지된 이슈들에 대처하기 위해 자본주의를 재설계하고 있지만, 전면적인 국유화로 회귀하고 싶어하는 사람은 거의 없다는 점을 분명히 해야 함
Governments are redesigning global capitalism to deal with these fears. But few politicians or voters want to go back to full-scale nationalisation.

국가개입주의적 조치는 국가보안 강화라는 명분을 통해 시작되었고, 정부의 합법적인 산업의 분류는 국방분야를 넘어 에너지와 기술 분야로까지 확대돠고 있음.
The class of industries in which government direction is legitimate on security grounds has expanded beyond defence to include energy and technology.

최근 부상하는 이해관계자주의 강화stakeholderism도 또 하나의 국가개입주의에 해당될 수 있으며, 주주들과 소비자들은 기업들은 더 이상 논쟁의 여지가 없는 우위uncontested primacy에 있지 않다. 
The other set of measures aims to enhance stakeholderism. Shareholders and consumers no longer have uncontested primacy in the hierarchy of groups that firms serve.

경제적, 사회적 문제에 맞서려는 야망은 존경할 만 하지만, 장기적으로는 위험이 나타날 수 있다는 점도 인지해야 함.
1. 국가와 기업이 상충되는 목표에 직면하여 최선의 절충점을 찾지 못할 것
the state and business, faced by conflicting aims, will fail to find the best trade-offs.
2. 효율성과 혁신의 감소 Diminished efficiency and innovation 
3. 기업과 정치를 부패시키는 정실주의 cronyism, which ends up contaminating business and politics alike 

이코노미스트는 1) 기후 친화적인 기술로 자본을 유입시키기 위한 탄소세 도입, 2) 기업들이 관심갖기 힘든 과학분야 연구개발 투자, 3) 노동자들과 가난한 사람들을 보호하는 복지제도 강화를 통해 국가가 시장이 더 잘 작동하도록 하는 개입은 기본적으로 지지하지만, 최근 국가개입주의 경향은 이를 훨씬 뛰어넘는 수준임.
이를 지지하는 진영이 기대하는 번영, 공정성, 안보보다는 비효율성, 기득권vested interests, 비합리성insularity으로 귀결될 위험성이 크다는 점을 인지해야 함.
This newspaper believes that the state should intervene to make markets work better. But the new style of bossy government goes far beyond this.
They are more likely to end up with inefficiency, vested interests and insularity.

 

Government and business | Beware the bossy state 
State intervention is being transform. That won’t make it any more effective
물론 최근 국가 개입은 과거와 다른면이 많지만, 효과적인 측면에서는 여전히 기대하기 어려움

Countries around the world want to bend companies to their will
각국 정부들이 기업들을 자신들의 의지대로 길들이고 싶어하는 것을 우려함

- sclerosis 경화증
- up to the job 일을 감당할 수 있는
- vested interests 기득권 
- insularity 편협